Influenza viruses are made up of many different strains, and the primary host range of these strains are humans, pigs, and birds. Most seasonal flu outbreaks in humans come from human strains, but zoonotic transmission from other species (birds in particular) has introduced deadly combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase epitopes into vulnerable immune systems, triggering pandemics. Bats are well-known reservoirs for a variety of viral diseases, including the recent Ebola epidemic, and six years ago virologists discovered an influenza virus strain that infects bats.
A team of researchers led by the University of Zurich has now discovered that these viruses can infect humans and livestock as well. They do so through a unique and fascinating mechanism: while most influenza viruses bind to and enter host cells via sialic acid, the hemagglutinin molecules on bat influenza A viruses don't bind to sialic acid - instead, they bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC-II), one of the most important molecules in the adaptive immune system. The results, which were published in Nature, showed that bat flu A can enter the cells of humans, pigs, chickens, mice, and other bat species.
Read more at:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190220133534.htm
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0955-3
- Arjun Kumar
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