Researchers at the University of Chicago published new work in Cell Host & Microbe yesterday showing that the influenza vaccine may be less effective in the elderly due to their B-cells' reduced ability to generate diverse antibodies. Adapting to new strains of influenza require the generation of mutations in the B-cells and their expressed antibodies that introduce diversity and allow for clonal evolution of the immune response. Elderly adults have increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and significantly reduced antibody response to flu vaccination. The vast majority of influenza deaths therefore come from people over the age of 65.
Patrick Wilson and his team compared B-cell and antibody responses to vaccination of elderly and young adults with different flu strains, and found that elderly people had a relatively fixed B-cell repertoire while younger subjects continuously accumulated mutations that introduced genetic variation. The antibodies of the elderly were also less potent and conferred less protection against flu, likely due to a lower affinity for antigens from recent flu strains, as most of the elderly antibodies came from aged memory B-cells from previous exposures. This phenomenon could be related to reduced somatic hypermutation in the B-cell germinal center by Activation-Induced Deaminase (AID) among elderly people, reducing the amount of affinity maturation that can take place to create a robust antibody response.
Read more at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190219111742.htm
- Arjun Kumar
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